Risk Factors or Predictors of Developing Ciprofloxacin, Trimethoprim/Sulfamethoxazole and Third Generation Cephalosporin Resistance in Escherichia coli Infections: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

  • Deshwal PR Ph.D. scholar, Department of Pharmacy Practice, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), S.A.S. Nagar, Punjab, India 160055
  • Reddy NS M. Pharm. scholar, Department of Pharmacy Practice, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), S.A.S. Nagar, Punjab, India 160055
  • Fathima R M. Pharm. scholar, Department of Pharmacy Practice, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), S.A.S. Nagar, Punjab, India 160055
  • Aggarwal M M. Pharm. scholar, Department of Pharmacy Practice, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), S.A.S. Nagar, Punjab, India 160055
  • Tiwari P Prof. & Head, Department of Pharmacy Practice, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), S.A.S. Nagar, Punjab, India 160055

Abstract

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) estimates that by 2050, ten million people a year could be dying as a result of Anti-Microbial Resistance (AMR). An increase in resistance has been observed for trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole followed by ciprofloxacin and third-generation cephalosporins in the management of Escherichia coli infections. To identify risk factors for ciprofloxacin (Cip-REC), trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (TMP/SMX-REC,) and third-generation cephalosporin (TGC-REC) resistance in Escherichia coli infection relative to controls patients. A systematic search of MEDLINE/PubMed and Embase databases identified case-control, cohort, and cross-sectional studies on risk factors for Cip-REC, TMP/SMX-REC, and TGC-REC-infected patients. A random-effects model was used to pool odds ratios (ORs) of developing resistant E. coli infection. This study was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42022297043). A total of 23 studies were included (9891 participants). Overall, 22, 8, and 11 risk factors were identified for developing Cip-REC, TMP/SMX-REC, and TGC-REC infections respectively. The prior antibiotic use [OR=3.19] reported high pooled ORs for Cip-REC infection. TMP/SMX-REC infection was associated with genitourinary abnormalities [OR=2.91]. Further analysis unveiled potential factors for TGC-REC infection; prior history of admission [OR=3.14] and hemodialysis [OR=2.20]. Prior antibiotic usage, genitourinary disorders, and admission history increase the risk of Cip-REC, TMP/SMX-REC, and TGC-REC infections. Modifiable risk factors may help prevent resistant E. coli infection.

Keywords: Escherichia coli, Ciprofloxacin, Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole, Third Generation Cephalosporin

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How to Cite
Deshwal PR, Reddy NS, Fathima R, Aggarwal M, and Tiwari P. “Risk Factors or Predictors of Developing Ciprofloxacin, Trimethoprim/Sulfamethoxazole and Third Generation Cephalosporin Resistance in Escherichia Coli Infections: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis”. Current Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Vol. 12, no. 4, Jan. 2023, pp. 167-7, doi:10.24092/CRPS.2022.120402.
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Research Articles