Occular Drug Delivery System: An Overview
Abstract
Delivery of drugs to the targeted ocular tissues is restricted by various precorneal, dynamic and static ocular barriers. Also, therapeutic drug levels are not maintained for longer duration in target tissues. In the past two decades, ocular drug delivery research acceleratedly advanced towards developing a novel, safe and patient compliant formulation and drug delivery devices/techniques, which may surpass these barriers and maintain drug levels in tissues. Anterior segment drug delivery advances are witnessed by modulation of conventional topical solutions with permeation and viscosity enhancers. Also, it includes development of conventional topical formulations such as suspensions, emulsions and ointments. On the other hand, for posterior ocular delivery, research has been immensely focused towards development of drug releasing devices and nanoformulations for treating chronic vitreoretinal diseases. These occuserts formulations may help to surpass ocular barriers and associated side effects with conventional topical drops. Also, these novel devices and/or formulations are easy to formulate, no/negligibly irritating, possess high precorneal residence time, sustain the drug release, and enhance ocular bioavailability of therapeutics. An update of current research advancement in ocular drug delivery necessitates and helps drug delivery scientists to modulate their think process and develop novel and safe drug delivery strategies.
Keywords:
Cornea, Drug delivery, Formulations, Implants, Liposomes, Nanomicelles, Occuserts.
References
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31. Saettone MF, Chetoni T, Bianchi LM, Giannacinni B, Conte U, Sangalli M E. Controlled release of timolol maleate from coated ophthalmic mini-tablets prepared by compression. Int. J. Pharm. 1995; 126: 79-82.
32. Barath S, Hiremath SR. Ocular delivery system of pefloxacinmesylate. Pharmazie. 1999; 54(1): 55-58. 34. Saisivam S, Manikandav RVM, Nagarajan M. Design and evaluation of ciprofloxacin hydrochloride ocuserts. Ind. J. Pharm. Sci. 1999; 61(1):
33. Saisivam S, Manikandav RVM, Nagarajan M. Design and evaluation of ciprofloxacin hydrochloride ocuserts. Ind. J. Pharm. Sci. 1999;61(1): 34-38.
34. Sakanaka K, Kawakami S, Nishida K, Nakamura J, Ichikawa N, Iwashita J, Nakamura T, Nakashima M, Sasaki H, Nagano T. One-side- coated insert as a unique ophthalmic drug delivery system. J Control Release. 2003;92(3):241-7.
35. Kumari P, Jain R.,Choukse R., Dubey PK, Agrawal S. Ocusert as A Novel Drug Delivery System International Journal of Pharmaceutical & Biological Archives 2013; 4(4): 614 – 619
36. Sharma JPK, Banik A, Dixit S. A New Trend: Ocular Drug Delivery System.International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 2011; 2(3):1-2
37. Chien YW. Ocular drug delivery and delivery systems. In: Novel drug 1. delivery systems. 2nd ed. New York: Marcel Dekker; 1992. pp. 269-70.
38. Saettone MF, Salminen L. Ocular inserts for topical delivery. AdvDrug 2. Del Rev 1995; 16:95-106.
2. Kumar KPS, Bhowmik D, Harish G, kumar PB. Ocular Inserts: A Novel Controlled Drug Delivery System The Pharma Innovation – Journal 1;(12): 2013
3. Chrai SS, Makoid MC, Erikson SP, Robinson JR. Drop size and initial dosing frequency problems of topically applied ophthalmic drugs. J Pharm Sci. 1974; 64:333–8.
4. Rewar S, Bansal BK, Singh CJ. Review on Intraoccular Drug Delivery System. International Journal of Research and Development in Pharmacy and Life Sciences October - November, 2014 Vol. 3, No.6, pp 1236-1243.
5. Khokhar P, Shukla V. Ocular Drug Delivery System-A Review Based on Ocuserts International Journal of Pharma Research & Review, August 2014; 3(8):29-41
6. Mohd D. Advances in Ophthalmic Drug Delivery System: Part I &II. 12th April 2005 (http://www.Pharmainfo. Net).
7. Oyekoya OK, Stentiford FWM, 2003, “Exploring the Significance of Visual Attention by Eye Tracking”. Proceedings of the London Communications Symposium, UCL, London, pp. 149-152.
8. Mueller W H, Deardroff DL. Ophthalmic vehicles: The effect of methyl cellulose on the penetration of Homatropinehydrobromide through the cornea. J. Am. Pharm. Assoc. 1956; 45: 334
9. Eva M, Amo D, Urtti A. Current and future ophthalmic drug delivery systems. A shift to the posterior segment. Drug Discov Today 2004; 13:135-143.
10. Aqil, Advances in Ophthalmic Drug Delivery System: Part I &II. 12th April 2005 (http://www.Pharmainfo. Net)
11. Mueller WH, Deardroff DL. Ophthalmic vehicles: The effect of methyl cellulose on the penetration of Homatropinehydrobromide through the cornea. J. Am. Pharm. Assoc. 1956; 45: 334.
12. Saettone MF, Giannicini B, Teneggi A, Savigini P, Tellini N. Vehicle effects an ophthalmic bioavailability: the influence of different polymer on the activity of pilocarpine in rabbit and man. J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 1982; 34: 464- 466.
13. Kumar S, Haglund BO, Himmelstein KJ. In-situ forming gels for ophthalmic drug delivery. J. Ocular Pharmacol. 1994; 10 (1): 47-56.
14. Trueblood JH, Rossmando RM, Carlton WH, Wilson LA. Corneal contact times of ophthalmic vehicles. Arch ophthalmol.1975; 93: 127-130
15. Vadnere M, Amidon G, Lindenbaum S, Haslam JL. Thermodynamic studies on the gel-sol transition of some pluronicpolyols. Int. J. Pharm.1984; 22: 207- 218.
16. Maichuk YF. Ophthalmic drug Inserts. Invest. Ophthalmol. 1975; 14:87-90.
17. Katz IM, Blacksman WM. A soluble sustained- release ophthalmic delivery unit. Am J Ophthalmol. 1977; 83: 728.
18. Hosaka S, Ozawa H, Tanzawa H. Controlled release of drug from hydrogel matrices. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 1979; 23: 2089.
19. Harwood R J, Schwartz JB. Drug release from compression molded films: preliminary studies with pilocarpine. Drug Dev. Ind. Pharm. 1982; 8: 663.
20. Ozawa H, Hosaka S, Kunitomo T, Tanzawa H. Ocular inserts for controlled release of antibiotics. Biomaterials. 1984; 4 (3): 170-174.
21. Urtti A, Juslin M, Miinalainen O. Pilocarpine release from hydroxypropyl cellulose-polyvinylpyrrolidone matrices. Int. J. Pharm. 1985; 25:165- 178.
22. Attia MA, Kassem MA, Safwat SM. In vivo performance of [3H] dexamethasone ophthalmic film delivery systems in the rabbit eye. Int. J. Pharm. 1988; 47: 21-30.
23. Vasantha R, Sehgal PK, Rao P. Collagen ophthalmic inserts for pilocarpine drug delivery system. Int. J. Pharm.1988; 47: 95-102.
24. Finne V, Ronkko K, Urtti A. Timolol release from matrices of monoesters of polyvinyl methyl ether-maleic anhydride : Effects of polymer molecular weight and a basic additive. J. Pharm. Sci. 1991; 80: 7.
25. Kyyronen K, Hume L, Benedetti L, Urtti A., Topp E, Stella V. Methyl prednisolone esters of hyaluronic acid in ophthalmic drug delivery: in vitro and in vivo release studies. Int. J. Pharm. 1992; 80: 161-169.
26. Fitzgerald P, Wilson CG, Greaves JL, Frier M, Hollingsbee D, Gilbert D, Richardson M. Scintigraphic assessment of the precorneal residence of a new ophthalmic delivery system (NODS) in man. Int. J. Pharm. 1992;83: 177-185.
27. Saettone MI, Toracca MT, Pagano A. Controlled release of pilocarpine from coated polymeric ophthalmic inserts prepared by extrusion. Int. J. Pharm. 1992; 86: 159-166.
28. Kamath R, Singh UV, Udupa N. Evaluation of Ciprofloxacin hydrochloride ocular preparations . Ind. J. Pharm. Sci. 1993; 55: 148- 150.
29. Weiner AL, Darougar S, Siddiqui M, Raul V. A sustained release ocular insert (OCUFIT SRTM) with long term retention in the fornix of humans. Proceed. Intern. Symp. Control. Rel. Bioact. Mater. Controlled Release Society Inc.1993; 20: 384-385.
30. Hume LR, Lee HK, Benedetti L, Sanzgiri YD, Topp EM, Stella VJ. Ocular sustained delivery of prednisolone using hyaluronic acid benzyl ester films. Int. J. Pharm. 1994; 111: 295-298.
31. Saettone MF, Chetoni T, Bianchi LM, Giannacinni B, Conte U, Sangalli M E. Controlled release of timolol maleate from coated ophthalmic mini-tablets prepared by compression. Int. J. Pharm. 1995; 126: 79-82.
32. Barath S, Hiremath SR. Ocular delivery system of pefloxacinmesylate. Pharmazie. 1999; 54(1): 55-58. 34. Saisivam S, Manikandav RVM, Nagarajan M. Design and evaluation of ciprofloxacin hydrochloride ocuserts. Ind. J. Pharm. Sci. 1999; 61(1):
33. Saisivam S, Manikandav RVM, Nagarajan M. Design and evaluation of ciprofloxacin hydrochloride ocuserts. Ind. J. Pharm. Sci. 1999;61(1): 34-38.
34. Sakanaka K, Kawakami S, Nishida K, Nakamura J, Ichikawa N, Iwashita J, Nakamura T, Nakashima M, Sasaki H, Nagano T. One-side- coated insert as a unique ophthalmic drug delivery system. J Control Release. 2003;92(3):241-7.
35. Kumari P, Jain R.,Choukse R., Dubey PK, Agrawal S. Ocusert as A Novel Drug Delivery System International Journal of Pharmaceutical & Biological Archives 2013; 4(4): 614 – 619
36. Sharma JPK, Banik A, Dixit S. A New Trend: Ocular Drug Delivery System.International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 2011; 2(3):1-2
37. Chien YW. Ocular drug delivery and delivery systems. In: Novel drug 1. delivery systems. 2nd ed. New York: Marcel Dekker; 1992. pp. 269-70.
38. Saettone MF, Salminen L. Ocular inserts for topical delivery. AdvDrug 2. Del Rev 1995; 16:95-106.
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How to Cite
Ara, S., D. Bundela, M. Nimb, and M. Goyal. “Occular Drug Delivery System: An Overview”. Current Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Vol. 7, no. 3, Oct. 2017, pp. 79-86, doi:10.24092/CRPS.2017.070302.
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