Current Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences https://crpsonline.com/index.php/crps <p>Current Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences, a Multidisciplinary Pharmacy Journal is an Online,Quaterly published, Peer Reviewed International Journal and publishes from Empro, India. Our website, crpsonline.com is web-based center for pharmaceutical information. CRPS publishes manuscripts (original research, review articles, mini reviews, short communication and case study) on original work either experimental or theoretical</p> Empro Professional Scientific Association (EPSA) en-US Current Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences 2250-2688 EVALUATION OF PHYTOCHEMICAL AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF LEAF EXTRACT OF ANNONA SQUAMOSA AND OCIMUM SANCTUM https://crpsonline.com/index.php/crps/article/view/392 <p>Present study was a comparative analysis of the morphological, microscopic, physiochemical, and phytochemical characteristics of the leaves of <em>Annona squamosa</em> and <em>Ocimum sanctum</em>, alongside their antioxidant potential. Morphologically, <em>A. squamosa</em> and <em>O. sanctum</em> leaves were studied. Microscopic examination revealed anisocytic stomata and raphide-type calcium oxalate crystals in <em>A. squamosa</em>, whereas <em>O. sanctum</em> showed diacytic stomata, rosette-type crystals, and abundant essential oil glands. Physiochemical screening indicated moderate moisture content and ash values, with <em>O. sanctum</em> showing higher water-soluble ash and foaming index. Extractive yield was greater in <em>O. sanctum</em> (16.27%) compared to <em>A. squamosa</em> (13.28%). Quantitative estimation revealed significantly higher total flavonoid (43.23 mg/100 mg quercetin) and phenol content (26.43 mg/100 mg gallic acid) in <em>A. squamosa</em> than in <em>O. sanctum</em>. Phytochemical screening confirmed the presence of alkaloids, glycosides, carbohydrates, phytosterols, saponins, tannins,&nbsp; and&nbsp; flavonoids&nbsp; in&nbsp; both&nbsp; species,&nbsp; with&nbsp; proteins&nbsp; absent.&nbsp; Antioxidant&nbsp; assays&nbsp; using&nbsp; DPPH&nbsp; and&nbsp; ABTS&nbsp; methods&nbsp; demonstrated&nbsp; dose-dependent&nbsp; radical&nbsp; scavenging&nbsp; activity.&nbsp; <em>O.&nbsp; sanctum</em>&nbsp; exhibited&nbsp; superior&nbsp; antioxidant&nbsp; efficacy&nbsp; with&nbsp; lower&nbsp; IC₅₀&nbsp; values&nbsp; (&lt;&nbsp; 200&nbsp; µg/ml)&nbsp; compared&nbsp; to&nbsp; <em>A.&nbsp; squamosa</em>&nbsp; (&lt;&nbsp; 300&nbsp; µg/ml),&nbsp; indicating&nbsp; its&nbsp; potential&nbsp; as&nbsp; a&nbsp; natural&nbsp; antioxidant&nbsp; source.&nbsp; These&nbsp; findings&nbsp; support&nbsp; the&nbsp; therapeutic&nbsp; relevance&nbsp; of&nbsp; both&nbsp; plants&nbsp; and&nbsp; provide&nbsp; a&nbsp; foundation&nbsp; for&nbsp; further&nbsp; pharmacological&nbsp; exploration.</p> Mahinder Singh Rathour Mukesh Kumar Gupta Copyright (c) 2025 Mahinder Singh Rathour, Mukesh Kumar Gupta http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0 2026-02-24 2026-02-24 105 110 10.24092/CRPS.2025.150401 PHARMACOGNOSTICAL EVALUATION AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF FICUS BENGHALENSIS AND CYNODON DACTYLON https://crpsonline.com/index.php/crps/article/view/393 <p>This study presents a comparative pharmacognostic evaluation of <em>Ficus benghalensis</em> and <em>Cynodon dactylon</em> leaves through morphological, microscopic, physicochemical, and phytochemical analyses. Microscopic observations revealed distinct anatomical features: <em>Ficus benghalensis</em> exhibited paracytic stomata, trichomes, and calcium oxalate crystals, while <em>Cynodon dactylon</em> showed dumbbell-shaped guard cells and silica bodies characteristic of the Poaceae family. Physicochemical parameters, including ash values and foaming index, confirmed the quality of both leaf powders. Ethanol extracts demonstrated semisolid consistency and contained alkaloids, flavonoids, and saponins; <em>Ficus benghalensis</em> additionally showed glycosides, tannins, and phenolics. Antioxidant activity assessed via DPPH and ABTS assays revealed notable free radical scavenging potential, with <em>Cynodon dactylon</em> showing slightly stronger efficacy. These findings support the traditional medicinal use of both plants and highlight their potential for further pharmacological and therapeutic applications.</p> <p>&nbsp;</p> Rakesh Kumar Nagar Naresh Kalra Copyright (c) 2025 Rakesh Kumar Nagar, Naresh Kalra http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0 2026-02-24 2026-02-24 111 118 10.24092/CRPS.2025.150402